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It is one of the first domesticated cereals, it was being cultivated at the very beginning of the Neolithic revolution, about 10,000 years ago. Wheat is widely used as a food, industrial and fodder crop. Flour, cereals, alcohol, oil are made from wheat grains. Their flour is used in baking bread, making pasta and confectionery. Cereals obtained from wheat semolina, couscous, bulgur, freek. Wheat also goes to feed farm animals and is included in some recipes for the preparation of a number of alcoholic beverages, such as beer and vodka, as well as whiskey.

Barley belongs to the number of the oldest cultivated plants. The same way as wheat, it was cultivated during the Neolithic Revolution in the Middle East at least 10 thousand years ago. Barley grain is widely used for food, technical and feed purposes, including in the brewing industry, in the production of pearl barley and barley. Barley is one of the most valuable concentrated animal feeds, as it contains complete protein, rich in starch. In Russia, up to 70% of barley is used for feed purposes.

Rye is a typical cereal grain crop. Rye kvass is made from grain, flour is produced that goes mainly to bread, starch is obtained, and it is also used as raw material for the production of alcohol. Rye is one of the most common (after mustard) and the most valuable green manure. It effectively suppresses weeds and plant diseases, surpassing other known green manures in this property due to its particularly rapid development. Rye has a strong structuring (loosening) effect on loamy soils, making them lighter and more permeable. In addition, it partially displaces various pests (especially nematodes), except for wireworm, which rye, on the contrary, attracts.

Oat grains are used for the production of oatmeal "Hercules", oat flour, other kinds of flour and special oat coffee. The oatmeal porridge is made of the oat as well (its called "the oatmeal"). Oatmeal is used in the baking industry and confectionery industry. Oat grain is used as raw material for the production of animal feed and as a concentrated animal feed. Cut and ground cereals, oat flakes are made from oat grain. It’s a valuable raw material for the pharmaceutical industry, also it works fine in most sports nutrition products, and it’s widely used in folk medicine and homeopathy. The pharmaceutical industry produces alcohol tincture of oats, which is an effective sedative. It is used to obtain oat protein concentrate used in the production of sports nutrition, protein bars, vegetarian products and meat analogues, protein fortification of bakery products, snacks, drinks and milkshakes, instant foods. Oats are one of the most important forage crops.

It is a grain crop. Ripening, resistant to many fungal diseases, unpretentious. The ear is closed from dirt, does not lose the accumulated moisture, is protected from pests. It contains a lot of protein, few calories and most amino acids, which are irreplaceable. It contains other vitamins and various macro and micronutrients. Many different dishes can be cooked from it bread, porridge, soups, crackers, sauces and creams, side dishes for fish, meat, and desserts.

These are cereal crops related to pseudograin, the seeds work fine as a human food and partly to animal feed. Seeds are readily eaten by songbirds. Buckwheat introduced into the culture more than 5 thousand years ago. Buckwheat is the most important honey plant for many regions of Russia with light sandy loam soil. The feed base of beekeeping and honey production there largely depends on the state of buckwheatgrowing. In favorable years, up to 80 kg of honey is obtained from 1 hectare of crops in areas with normal moisture (in arid regions, honey collection from buckwheat is extremely unstable). As a crosspollinated, mainly entomophilous plant (pollinated by insects), buckwheat requires at least 2–2.5 bee families per hectare, which also provides up to 70% of seed production. Buckwheat flowers give a lot of nectar and greenishyellow pollen.

Millet is one of the most ancient cultivated plants in Eurasia. Millet firstly began to be cultivated about 7000 years ago, and this is a valuable cereal crop. Grain (called millet) is used to make soups, cereals and other culinary products; is a valuable feed for poultry. The growing season is from 60 to 120 days. The plant is thermophilic and resistant to drought, as well as to salinization of the soil, but does not tolerate acidic soils. The yield of 1417 centners per hectare. Straw and green mass are used as livestock feed. In Russia, it is cultivated mainly in the arid regions of the Volga and Central Black Earth regions. Virtually gluten free, therefore, it can be recommended for people suffering from celiac disease, a congenital disease caused by protein intolerance to some cereal crops. Millet stimulates blood formation. Millet porridge is indicated for hypertension and diseases of the cardiovascular system.

Millet is one of the most ancient cultivated plants in Eurasia. Millet firstly began to be cultivated about 7000 years ago, and this is a valuable cereal crop. Grain (called millet) is used to make soups, cereals and other culinary products; is a valuable feed for poultry. The growing season is from 60 to 120 days. The plant is thermophilic and resistant to drought, as well as to salinization of the soil, but does not tolerate acidic soils. The yield of 1417 centners per hectare. Straw and green mass are used as livestock feed. In Russia, it is cultivated mainly in the arid regions of the Volga and Central Black Earth regions. Virtually gluten free, therefore, it can be recommended for people suffering from celiac disease, a congenital disease caused by protein intolerance to some cereal crops. Millet stimulates blood formation. Millet porridge is indicated for hypertension and diseases of the cardiovascular system.

Sorghum grain is processed into cereals, flour and starch, alcohol. The expediency of cultivating sorghum in the arid and semiarid regions of the planet is due to its versatility and high productivity. Green mass and grain are readily eaten by many types of farm animals. Sorghum is not only a highyielding culture, it is rich in carbohydrates, proteins, carotene, tannins, vitamins, which play an important role in increasing the productivity of animals. By nutritional properties, grain and green mass of sorghum are almost not inferior to corn, and in some regions they surpass it. In addition to fodder, sorghum grain is used for the alcohol and starch industry. Sugar sorghum and Sudanese grass have proven themselves in mixed crops with legumes, corn, and sunflower. A sugaryrich stalk makes it possible to obtain balanced silage and haylage, while crop productivity remains very high.

Sorghum grain is processed into cereals, flour and starch, alcohol. The expediency of cultivating sorghum in the arid and semiarid regions of the planet is due to its versatility and high productivity. Green mass and grain are readily eaten by many types of farm animals. Sorghum is not only a highyielding culture, it is rich in carbohydrates, proteins, carotene, tannins, vitamins, which play an important role in increasing the productivity of animals. By nutritional properties, grain and green mass of sorghum are almost not inferior to corn, and in some regions they surpass it. In addition to fodder, sorghum grain is used for the alcohol and starch industry. Sugar sorghum and Sudanese grass have proven themselves in mixed crops with legumes, corn, and sunflower. A sugaryrich stalk makes it possible to obtain balanced silage and haylage, while crop productivity remains very high.