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KNIP or “knip-boom” is one of the most productive and best-known apple tree training systems for modern, proSLENDER SPINDLE This is the most used training system for modern apple orchards. The trees are wider at the bottom and get narrower towards the top, which gives them a cone-shaped appearance. The side branches also get shorter further up the top. This system is suitable for low-vigour areas, where the required pruning will not result in exaggerated vegetal expansion. Second-year “knip-booms” are the ideal nursery stock when it comes to planting and growing the crops faster, but well feathered first-year stocks with strong lateral branches are also excellent. Opening the branch angles by weighing

Tree of this variety has weak to medium growth, flowering is mid-season to late, around the same time as Golden Delicious. High, stable yields, good for warmer regions. POLLINATORS: Golden Delicious, Red Delicious, Granny Smith, Fuji FRUIT APPEARANCE: The shape of this variety is spherical and elongated. Skin is smooth, with pronounced lenticels, covered in intense and vivid dark red color on the whole surface of the fruit. Color is striped at the beginning of maturation and gains uniform color as it matures fully. The flesh is crisp and juicy, the taste is sweet and aromatic. FRUIT SIZE: Medium HARVEST: Second half - end of August up to the beginning of September COMMERCIAL USE: Gains coloration very early and fast, uniformity, stability, and excellent yields are a strong side of this variety. Popular as a dessert apple. Suitable for warmer regions and has very good storage capability.

Trees of this variety have medium growth, flowering in midseason to late, around the same time as Golden Delicious. Characterized by high and stable yields. POLLINATORS: Golden Delicious, Granny Smith, Red Delicious, Fuji FRUIT APPEARANCE: Shape of this variety is conical, flattened. Skin is smooth, non-glossy, entirely covered in intense dark red color. It gains color very early. The flesh is yellow-colored, juicy, very balanced sweetness, low on acidity. FRUIT SIZE: Medium HARVEST: Second half - end of August up to the beginning of September COMMERCIAL USE: Gains coloration very early and fast, stable growth and yields. Possibility of gathering fruits in one stage. Very good storage capability

Growth of this variety is medium to weak, not a typical spur variety, upright branch growing habit, fast and highly productive variety. So-called half-spur variety forms flower buds also on one-year stems. It is blossoming just before Golden Delicious. POLLINATORS: Golden Delicious, Granny Smith, Gala, Fuji, Idared FRUIT APPEARANCE: Shape of this variety is oblong, conic, mildly ribbed. Very attractive, uniform, and intense red color on the whole surface of the fruit, with lenticels. The flesh of this variety is juicy, white in color, firm to soft but crisp, and the taste is sweet with almost no acidity. FRUIT SIZE: Medium-large fruit size. HARVEST: Middle to end of September, similar to Golden Delicious. COMMERCIAL USE: Highly productive and great and storage capability. It can be kept in storage for 3 months, in cold storage until Feb

Vigour of this variety is weak with a straight growing habit, and is good for a high-density growing system. It is blossoming just before Golden Delicious, a good pollinator. Overall characteristics are of a typical spur variety. POLLINATORS: Granny Smith, Golden Delicious, Idared, Gala, Fuji FRUIT APPEARANCE: Shape of this variety is very beautiful, elongated with 5 distinct points on the bottom. Intense red color on the whole surface of the fruit, with stripe blushes. The flesh of this variety is white in color, firm to soft, and taste is sweet with almost no acidity. FRUIT SIZE: Excellent, large fruit size can be obtained. Excess fruit on the tree can result in a smaller caliber, so it is recommended to do a proper thinning. HARVEST: Middle to end of September, similar to Golden Delicious. COMMERCIAL USE: It is a popular apple on the market, with the advantage of its shape and storage capability. It is a consistent

A cross between Golden Delicious and Jonathan, Jonagold tree has a medium vigour. Mid-season flowering, around mid-May. As a triploid variety, it is not a good pollinator and requires two varieties to be pollinated. A spur bearer. POLLINATORS: Idared, Granny Smith, Jonathan, Gala, Golden Delicious FRUIT APPEARANCE: Yellow-green in color, with large stripe flushes of red. The shape is round but elongated, similar to Golden Delicious. The flesh is creamy, yellow color, crisp, and very juicy. It has a tart taste resembling Jonathan and the sweetness of Golden Delicious and it is an overall balanced, excellent, rich, and full flavor. FRUIT SIZE: Large HARVEST: Mid-September - Mid to late October

Growth and vigour is medium to strong, has a tendency to grow at the top, open side branch angle. Blooms in midseason to late, good pollinator. POLLINATORS: Red Delicious, Granny Smith, Gala, Fuji, Idared, Jonathan, Red Delicious FRUIT APPEARANCE: Color of skin is green-yellow, eventually completely yellow. Skin is smooth, very light lenticels, very susceptible to russeting. The flesh is yellowish, firm, crisp, sweet, and juicy with a good balance between flavor, sugars, and low acidity (especially in the adapted areas). FRUIT SIZE: Medium in size and regular. HARVEST: From mid-September up to early October.

The tree of Granny Smith variety has a medium to strong vigour. Flowering comes mid to late, around 2-3 days after Golden Delicious. Granny Smith is a good pollinator and has very reliable and good yields. POLLINATORS: Partially self-fertile, and best pollinators are: Idared, Braeburn, Arlet, Fuji, Gala, Golden Delicious, Jonathan, Red Delicious, Idared. FRUIT APPEARANCE: Flesh of the Granny Smith is white in color, the texture is crisp and firm, juicy, slightly acidic, and full and sharp flavored in taste. Overall an excellent, unique, and recognizable taste. Skin is green with pronounced white lenticels. Conical-oval shape. FRUIT SIZE: Medium to large. HARVEST: End of September, around 17 days after Golden Delicious. GRANNY SMITH COMMERCIAL USE: One of the very best storage potential varieties, it can basically be stored in until the following picking season in

Vigour of this variety is moderate, and the growth habit is spreading. Blossoms early, around a week before Golden Delicious. It is a very good pollinator. POLLINATORS: Different variety with same bloom periods like Granny Smith, Braeburn, Cox, or any other early flowering diploid variety. FRUIT APPEARANCE: The fruit has juicy flesh, sweet-sour in taste. The flesh is firm, whitish color, and medium-fine texture. The skin of an Idared apple is light green in color covered with intensive red on 50 to 60% of the surface of the fruit. The shape of Idared is Flattened round. FRUIT SIZE: Medium-large to large, weight of fruit around 150g - 350g.

Growing habit is medium to strong, it has firm and robust branches, spreading growth. Produces early and regular, it is advised to be sufficiently thinned. It is flowering mid-season to late, just after Golden Delicious. POLLINATORS: Golden Delicious, Granny Smith, Gala FRUIT APPEARANCE: Shape of this variety is round, spherical. Striped, vibrant red color, also on the shady side. The flesh of this variety is crisp, juicy, and aromatic. Taste is sweet with almost no acidity. High in sugar content. FRUIT SIZE: Medium to large. Even sized. HARVEST: Beginning to middle of October. COMMERCIAL USE: Great looking and sweet dessert apple. Tree withstands frost very well. Highly productive and great storage capability, cold storage until March, and in the CA storage until June.